“First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they fight you. Then you win.” -Mahatma Ghand

Why should you care about what’s happening in Iran—
Harrison Kalodimos wrote a very readable, very detailed account of what Iran is going through right now and why it’s happening. He provided lots of great links to keep up with the action as it continues.
PLEASE take the time to read Harrison’s entire note! But for those of you who won’t, at least read these excerpts:

6/18/09
“The story in Iran is about power. It’s about the power of citizens who care about their country and the power of non-violent protest. It’s about the apparently powerful being made blind with arrogance and the apparently powerless being made mighty by unity.
“These are lessons in how robust democracies are fueled by the will of the people, in the efficacy of non-violent protests, and in the common desire for peace and compassion that unites seemingly disparate populations. 
“Because the Iranian government has worked tirelessly to contain news of these protests by blocking the efforts of centralized news sources such as newspaper and television reporters, most of the information coming out of Iran has come from decentralized sources. Twitter, YouTube, and other social networking tools…
“Traditionally, election results are tallied over the three days following the election and only after that three day period will the Supreme Leader announce the President. However, in a less than twenty four hours Ahmadinejad was announced the winner by a suspiciously high margin (63% Ahmadinejad vs. 34% for Mousavi) and Ayatollah Khamenei proclaimed immediately that the public should back Ahmadinejad. Analysis of the results released by the government revealed additional irregularities including vote counts greater than the number of registered voters in several regions.
“Mousavi…quickly discouraged the destructive rioting and instead asked his supporters to dissent non-violently by wearing green (the color of both Islam and his campaign) and marching silently. Other symbols were quickly picked up by the protesters including the V for Victory (e.g. the peace sign) and the phrase ‘Where is my vote?’
“These non-violent demonstrations have grown larger every day and unfortunately have met stiff opposition from the Iranian government. The first thing to go was the information flow. Within hours of announcing the election results, Iran began severely restricting internet traffic in and out of the country, selectively cutting out cellular service, and canceling foreign press visas.
“It is clear than many protestors are being killed, and in response Mousavi has encouraged his supporters to wear black and chat “Allahu Akbar” (God is great) to mourn these dead…

“While it is a slower process than many people have patience for, non-violent demonstration has an excellent track record of achieving real results.
“…Islamic moral teaching has been used to discourage violence on the part of the protesters, it provides a strong counter-argument to those who decry Islam as a religion of violence. On a bigger scale, in a world where religious violence has discredited religious practice in the eyes of many, it’s good to be generating examples of religion being a force to promote peace and human rights.
“Desire for peace, democracy, and respect for civil rights are not exclusively American or Christian principles, they are human principles.”
Iran Power Structure:
http://img193.imageshack.us/img193/7267/picture1xmy.png
Political Backstory:
http://tehranbureau.com/2009/06/18/the-leaders-of-iran’s-election-coup/
Again- To find Harrison’s entire note with its vivid detail of
The Power Structure in Iran
History of the Supreme Leaders
The Election on Friday, June 12th
The Resulting Protests
What Happens Next?
Why [YOU] Should Care?

- Link to Harrison’s Facebook note
You can find that here, or to read along if you don’t have a Facebook account, I’ve copied and pasted the entire note here:
“First they ignore you. Then they laugh at you. Then they fight you. Then you win.” -Mahatma Ghandi
What’s Happening in Iran and Why You Should Care.
The story in Iran is about power. It’s about the power of citizens who care about their country and the power of non-violent protest. It’s about the apparently powerful being made blind with arrogance and the apparently powerless being made mighty by unity.
As you read this, millions of Iranian citizens have taken to the streets to push back against their government’s attempt to strip them of their democratic rights. And although it is all happening half a world away, there are important lessons for us to take from this situation if we want to keep America’s democracy healthy and advance global human rights. These are lessons in how robust democracies are fueled by the will of the people, in the efficacy of non-violent protests, and in the common desire for peace and compassion that unites seemingly disparate populations. 
For six days now, the streets of Iran have been filled with citizens demonstrating the power of non-violent protest. Because the Iranian government has worked tirelessly to contain news of these protests by blocking the efforts of centralized news sources such as newspaper and television reporters, most of the information coming out of Iran has come from decentralized sources. Twitter, YouTube, and other social networking tools have allowed individual citizens to both organize protests locally and spread news globally.
Unfortunately, because information is coming from so many scattered sources and seems to be constantly changing, it’s hard to get a handle on the what exactly has happened in Iran. I’ve been following the stories closely over the past couple of days from the Twitter feeds straight out of Iran to the scholarly analysis of the historical context. Hopefully I can relate the story in Iran in easy to understand terms without oversimplifying the complexity of the situation.
The Power Structure in Iran
To understand the political situation in Iran, you need to understand the political structure of the Iranian government. As I go through this, it may be helpful to refer to this chart. Although these protests were sparked by the presidential election, the presidency in Iran has very little power, most of which consists of speaking on behalf of Iran for international negotiations and influencing public opinion. The real power in Iran lies in the hands of the Supreme Leader who is appointed by the Assembly of Experts (an elected religious assembly). The Supreme Leader makes all military, judicial, and media appointments. On top of that he appoints half the members of the Guardian Council and those he picked for the Judiciary choose the other half (so much for checks and balances). The Guardian Council (enough branches of government for you yet?) in turn also wields a great deal of power including approving or vetoing legislation and presidential nominations.
History of the Supreme Leaders
There have only been two Supreme Leaders since the 1979 Iranian revolution overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (commonly referred to as The Shah). The first was Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini [ho-may-NEE (the ho is pronounced in the throat)], a charismatic leader whose power largely derived from his religious authority. After Khomeini died in 1989, the Assembly of Experts appointed Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei [Khamenei = hah-mehn-a-EE (the hah is pronounced in the throat)] as the new Supreme Leader. Whereas Khomeini derived much of his authority from religious prestige, Khamenei was a man with lots of strong connections in the right places. Because many powerful clerics saw Khamenei as lacking religious authenticity, there has been a great deal of quiet dissent amongst powerful clerics against Khamenei’s rule. For more information on this political backstory, read this article.

Click to read the backstory
The Election on Friday, June 12th
As opposed to the electoral process in America that drags out for almost two full years, the process in Iran is much briefer. After hundreds of Iranians submitted applications to the Guardian Council to run for president, only four candidates were approved on May 21st. These four then had three weeks to hit the campaign trail hard and fast. In these past three weeks, the leading reformist candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi [moo-sah-VEE] has been very popular. His platform has included improving women’s rights and economic reform (Iran’s been hit hard with the global economic crisis as well). He is recognized as a staunchly religious man and has successfully used the color green, symbolic of Islam, as a campaign brand. It’s important to note here that while Mousavi is a reformist compared to the incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad [ahh-mah-dee-nee-ZHAHD (the ahh is pronounced in the throat)], he is still an extremely conservative candidate that will probably maintain both Iran’s nuclear energy program and strained relations with the US and Israel. This is not Iran’s Obama, and don’t let anyone tell you otherwise. 
Last Friday, election turnout was so incredibly high that polling places were kept open up to six additional hours to accommodate the long lines. Traditionally, election results are tallied over the three days following the election and only after that three day period will the Supreme Leader announce the President. However, in a less than twenty four hours Ahmadinejad was announced the winner by a suspiciously high margin (63% Ahmadinejad vs. 34% for Mousavi) and Ayatollah Khamenei proclaimed immediately that the public should back Ahmadinejad. Analysis of the results released by the government revealed additional irregularities including vote counts greater than the number of registered voters in several regions. You can find more thorough analysis of the evidence of voting irregularities here.
The Resulting Protests
After Ahmadinejad was announced as the alleged winner on Saturday, allegations of election fraud spread quickly and many Mousavi supporters began aggressively protesting in the streets. These initial protests were met strongly by Iranian riot police and resulted in fires, violence, and dramatic photography. Mousavi however, quickly discouraged the destructive rioting and instead asked his supporters to dissent non-violently by wearing green (the color of both Islam and his campaign) and marching silently. Other symbols were quickly picked up by the protesters including the V for Victory (e.g. the peace sign) and the phrase “Where is my vote?”

These non-violent demonstrations have grown larger every day and unfortunately have met stiff opposition from the Iranian government. The first thing to go was the information flow. Within hours of announcing the election results, Iran began severely restricting internet traffic in and out of the country, selectively cutting out cellular service, and canceling foreign press visas. Although the protests are peaceful in nature, they have been met with disturbing violence by both riot police and the basij, the volunteer militia strongly allied with Ahmadinejad known for its stringent enforcement of Islamic moral code. Between attacks against protestors and raids on university campuses, many people have been injured or killed for their involvement. A disturbing example of this violence can be seen here.
Because formal reporting is effectively banned and anecdotal reports from hospitals indicate that government forces have been confiscating the bodies of Iranians who have died from protest-related violence before they can be identified, establishing an official body count has been difficult. However, it is clear than many protestors are being killed, and in response Mousavi has encouraged his supporters to wear black and chat “Allahu Akbar” (God is great) to mourn these dead.
While images of violent confrontations have been popular in the mainstream media, it should be noted that the vast majority of these protests have consisted of quiet marching as seen here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4x-Xhlmyy4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMVIwVFFDKs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbYi9RCs-cQ
This tactic has been extremely effect in both preventing a violent quelling from the Iranian government and encouraging more citizens to participate peaceably in expressing discontent with an election increasingly believed to be rigged. There are many reports of soliders of the Revolutionary Guard actually protecting the protestors from the violent basij forces, and you can see here the camaraderie that exists between the riot police and protestors in some areas.
Of course, all bets are off at night-time when the basij roam the streets raiding people’s homes looking for protesters.
What Happens Next?
At 4:00am ET (12 noon Tehran time) on Friday, June 19th, Ayatollah Khamenei will lead the Jumu’ah prayer, a congregational prayer held every Friday at noon. At this time, he is expected to speak to the protests. Because so much of this situation is contingent on the power-plays between Shi’ite clerics, many of whom have publically sided with Mousavi, its almost impossible to guess what’s going to happen at Jumu’ah or afterwards. It’s important to note that these are protests, not a revolution. The goal of these demonstrations has never been to change the government structure. Rather, the election has shown that respect for the electorate has been lost, and these protests aim to reclaim the democratic power of the people.
Why Should I Care?
First of all, you should care because what is happening in Iran right now is the most powerful demonstration of the power of non-violent protest in our lifetime. Even if the protests are forcefully quelled through escalating basij violence, the protestors will have already succeeded in removing the legitimacy of Khamenei as a the infallible leader of the Iranian people. They after drawn aside the curtain and revealed the old man behind the wizard. While it is a slower process than many people have patience for, non-violent demonstration has an excellent track record of achieving real results. Also important here is that as Islamic moral teaching has been used to discourage violence on the part of the protesters, it
provides a strong counter-argument to those who decry Islam as a religion of violence. On a bigger scale, in a world where religious violence has discredited religious practice in the eyes of many, it’s good to be generating examples of religion being a force to promote peace and human rights.
A second important point is that the figureheads of a country often give a misleading impression of the attitudes of citizens within that country. While the relationship between the governments of Iran and the United States has been marked by severe antagonism, these protests demonstrate that government attitudes are not necessarily public attitudes and that the general populations of Iran and the United States have a lot more in common than cable news would have you believe. Desire for peace, democracy, and respect for civil rights are not exclusively American or Christian principles, they are human principles.
Postscript
If you have a source that indicates a fact here is wrong, please share it with me. I’d like this article to be as accurate as possible. If you disagree with an opinion expressed here, please feel free to post a logic- and fact-based counter-argument in the comments. If you want to keep up with what’s happening in real time I recommend Nico Pitney’s blog and the live-blog at the Guardian. If you want more in-depth information the internal religious politics in Iran, please visit Tehran Bureau. If you read all the way to this point, I love you.”
